Thermocatalytic ammonia synthesis beyond conventional Haber-Bosch: Principles, advances, challenges and opportunities [* Cross-Reference *]

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Gu, Tianbao; Huš, Matej; Araya, Samuel Simon; Likozar, Blaž; Gallucci, Fausto; Liso, Vincenzo, 2026, "Thermocatalytic ammonia synthesis beyond conventional Haber-Bosch: Principles, advances, challenges and opportunities [* Cross-Reference *]", https://lore.list.lu/citation?persistentId=perma:LIST.E9ERCH, LIST Open Repository, V1
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Description
Transforming ammonia (NH3) synthesis from the energy-intensive, fossil-fuel-dependent conventional Haber-Bosch (HB) process to a flexible, green hydrogen-based process is pivotal for decarbonization and enabling NH3 utilization in the energy sector. The conventional HB process, operating under high temperature and pressure, is incompatible with green hydrogen systems and economically unviable for downscaled NH3 production integrated with intermittent renewable energies . Therefore, developing alternatives capable of synthesizing NH3 under moderate conditions is crucial for achieving green NH3 production. This necessity has driven the development of a range of emerging technologies, including thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and plasma-assisted processes, amongst which thermocatalysis stands out in terms of production rate, technology readiness, and economic feasibility, demonstrating the greatest potential for NH3 synthesis transformation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced thermocatalytic NH3 synthesis beyond conventional HB process and the system integration with renewable sources. It highlights key limitations and advances in implementing new materials and auxiliary techniques, outlining the challenges and mitigation strategies for achieving high NH3 productivity under mild conditions. Alongside multiscale modeling studies, the review covers catalyst development, reactor intensification, process integration, and system evaluation, examining progress and conducting meta-analysis in reaction mechanisms, emerging separation technologies, and system integration. Scientific obstacles, economic analysis, and environmental impacts are thoroughly discussed, offering state-of-the-art insights into mild NH3 synthesis from fundamental research to practical applications. Additionally, recent industrial projects of green NH3 production are summarized, showcasing scalability and commercial viability. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities in advanced thermocatalytic NH3 synthesis are outlined, identifying future research frontiers. (2026-01-01)
***This entry has been automatically imported via Infodoc(ASO) CSV by LIST harvest scripts. Please refer to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2025.101262 for the original and latest version of the dataset and data downloads*** (2026-06-04)
Subject Other
Keyword Ammonia synthesis, Green NH3, Mild thermocatalysis, Process intensification, System integration
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